ABSTRACT
In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. Researchers around the world have begun to pay more attention to the exploration of its pathogenesis, disease evolution and prognosis. Among them, research in the field of gene molecules has become a hotspot, which includes the mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter. However, this field is not mature, and there are many problems and challenges need to be solved. This paper explores the value of BRAF mutation in the treatment, recurrence, mortality and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, we also explore the relationship between BRAF mutation and TERT promoter mutations and their influences in thyroid cancer. We hope this paper could help later scholars understand the current situation in this field and find a research direction in the future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mutation , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Genetics , Telomerase , Genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, and approximately 30% patients with depression do not respond effectively to standard antidepressant medication; this condition is termed treatment resistant depression (TRD) and its neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. Neuroimaging techniques can non-invasively explore changes in brain structure, function and metabolism. These techniques have been applied in neurobiological research of TRD and revealed critical abnormalities in brain structure, function and metabolism in fronto-limbic system. In this paper, we reviewed the latest progress in neuroimaging researches on TRD, providing new insight and imaging evidence for further neurobiological studies of TRD.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the diagnostic value of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in detecting residual/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.@*METHOD@#The literatures published between January 1990 and September 2013 were searched in PubMed, EM-BASE, EBSCO, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies according to the QUADAS tool. Summary sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), and receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curves were obtained using Meta-Disc software. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.@*RESULT@#Twenty-six studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving 1203 patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR were 0. 92 (95% CI:0.89-0.94), 0. 87 (95% CI:0.84-0.90) and 51. 10 (95% CI:34.29-76.15), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and Q index estimate for PET/CT were 0. 9494 and 0. 8897, respectively. The results of subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between subgroups(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In a word, 18F-FDG PET/CT performed well for diagnosis of residual/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with relatively high sensitivity and specificity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography , ROC Curve , Radiopharmaceuticals , Recurrence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This paper is aimed to assess the diagnostic value of MRI versus 99 Tcm-methylene diphosphonate (99 Tcm- MDP) bone scan (BS) for osseous metastases in patients with prostate cancer. The computer-based retrieval was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library and Ovid data bases to search for trials about diagnosing osseous metastases of prostate cancer with MRI and 99Tc"m-MDP BS. Selected with time acceptance and time exclusion criteria, the data quality were evaluated with QUADAS quality assessment tool and collected. We used the Meta-Disc software to conduct meta-analysis, and then calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), drew the summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and measured the area under curve (AUC) and Q value. Then five studies were included, involving 353 patients. The pooled sensitivity of MRI and BS was 0. 95 (95% CI 0. 90~0. 98) and 0. 67 (95% CI 0. 58~0. 75), respectively. The pooled specificity was 0. 97 (95% CI 0. 94~0. 99) and 0. 88 (95% CI 0. 83~0. 91), respectively. The pooled DOR was 402.99 (95% CI 119. 05 ~1364. 15) and 23. 85 (95% CI 1. 32~431. 48), respectively. The AUC was 0. 990 1 and 0. 624 1, respectively. The Q was 0. 958 7 and 0. 593 8. It can well be concluded that MRI is more effective than 99 Tcm-MDP BS in the diagnosis of osseous metastases in patients with prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Area Under Curve , Bone Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pathology , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Suicide rate in depression is higher than that in general population, therefore, it is a major topic how to prevent the suicide in depression in clinic. In this paper, we review the risk factors in depression with suicidal behaviors and also the latest progress in neuroimaging, neuroendocrinology and molecular genetics, which may reveal the potential neurobiological mechanism of suicide in depression, and thus help the prevention of suicidality and further research.